哲人索福克勒斯的政治思想研究

A Study of the Political Thought of Sophocles the Philosopher

悲剧诗人索福克勒斯被尼采、施特劳斯视为哲人,而歌队则被柏拉图与尼采看作是古希腊悲剧中最重要的部分。因此,详细解析索福克勒斯忒拜剧中歌队合唱歌所包含的城邦政治生活的神学问题,有助于阐发其作为哲人的根本志趣——塑造各类政治人、立法者与哲人,意欲解决政治危机,设立更好的礼法或政制,以改善城邦的政治品质。这一志趣与尼采带有形而上学意味的悲剧哲学显然不同。索福克勒斯笔下的哲人俄狄浦斯又与柏拉图笔下的哲人苏格拉底有所不同,前者看重必然不完满的政治生活,后者看重并践行以属己爱欲为基础的哲学生活。

The tragic poet Sophocles is regarded as a philosopher by Nietzsche and Strauss.Plato and Nietzsche believe that the most important in the ancient Greek tragedy is the chorus.Thus,a detailed interpretation of the theology in the city-state political life that is contained in the choral songs in Sophocles’Theban trilogy helps expound the fundamental interest of Sophocles as a philosopher,which involves creating a variety of politicians,legislators and philosophers,intending to resolve the political crisis,establishing a better nomos or regime for improving the political quality of the polis.This is obviously different from Nietzsche’s tragic philosophy with the metaphysical inquiry.Furthermore,the philosopher Oedipus in Sophocles’writing is distinct from the philosopher Socrates in Plato’s writing.Oedipus values the political life that is necessarily imperfect while Socrates values and practices the philosophical life that is based on one’s own eros.