春秋赋诗与西汉赋家群体活动的文学意义及特征演变

On the Literary Significance and Evolution of Characteristics of fu Poetry in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Group Activities of fu Poets in the Western Han Dynasty

关于诗、赋的早期群体性活动,最具代表性的是春秋赋诗与西汉赋家群体活动,并在活动中呈现出独特的文学意义。春秋赋诗的诗学意义,主要体现在赋诗统一于燕礼、取诗之义与赋诗者之义同类以及赋诗与舞相合、己志与国志合一、观志与言志相符、风雅氛围的营造等。西汉赋家群体活动的赋学意义,在汉初藩国群体中表现为激发赋家的创作热情、形成赋作的统一风貌;武、宣时期,体现在赋家才能与技能得到施展、赋作质量与数量得以提升、对赋作评选标准的讨论、汉赋理论的提出、汉赋政治职能的强化等。从春秋赋诗到西汉赋家群体活动,其特征演变主要表现在政治性向娱乐性转变、礼仪化向日常化转变、主体参与性加强等三方面。

In terms of the earlier group activities of shi and fu poetry,the most representative is those of the fu poetry in the Spring and Autumn Period and the fu poets in the Western Han Dynasty,which display some typically literary significance.The poetic significance of fu poetry in the Spring and Autumn Period lies in its unity with Yanli(the Banquet Ceremony),the similar meanings of selected poems and fu poets,the conformity of fu poetry with dance,the unification of the individual and national ideals,the accordance of observing and expressing the aspiration,as well as the creation of elegant atmosphere.The significance of fu rhapsody in the group activities of fu poets in the Western Han Dynasty varies a great deal.In the vassal states in the early Han Dynasty,the passion of fu poets for their creation is stimulated so as to form a unified style of fu poetic creation.During the period of Emperor Wu and Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty,the talents and skills of fu poets are exerted,the quality and number of fu rhapsodies improved,the criteria for selection of fu rhapsodies discussed,the theory of fu in the Han Dynasty advanced,and the political functions of fu in the Han Dynasty intensified.From the fu poetry in the Spring and Autumn Period to the group activities of fu poets in the Western Han Dynasty,the evolution of its characteristics can be summarized as the transformation from politics to entertainment,the transformation from the ritual ceremony to the daily life,as well as the enhancement of subjective participation.