唐朝海上丝绸之路的壮举:再论杨良瑶的聘使大食

The Feat of the Maritime Silk Road of the Tang Dynasty:Rethinking on Yang Liangyao's Mission to Baghdad

根据1984年在陕西省泾阳县发现的《杨良瑶碑》,杨良瑶在唐德宗贞元元年(785)受命出使阿拉伯半岛的黑衣大食,他从广州出发,走海上丝路,经三年多的时间,完成联络大食、夹击吐蕃的使命,返回唐朝。杨良瑶聘使大食的重要结果,是给唐朝带来完整的海上丝路的航海日记,这应当就是贾耽《皇华四达记》中记载的从广州到缚达(巴格达)的路线。本文在2012年笔者发表的《唐朝与黑衣大食关系史新证——记贞元初年杨良瑶的聘使大食》的基础上,再次申论杨良瑶出使的意义,并根据唐朝宦官出使制度,解释东西方史料未提到其出使一事的原因,特别是针对Stephen G.Haw最近发表文章质疑此碑的真实性,就立在墓地之上的碑文性质以及相关人物的真实性加以申论,对其无知予以批判。

According to the Yang Liangyao's Inscription found in Jingyang County of Shaanxi Province in 1984,Yang Liangyao was sent to the Abbasid Caliphate as embassy by Tang Dynasty in 785 A.D.He starts for the Arab world from Guangzhou by Sea Silk Road,making connection with the Arabian force against Tibetan Kingdom,and coming back China after three years.One of the importance results of Yang Liangyao's mission is a complete dairy of sailing by Sea Silk Road.This is the route between Guangzhou and Baghdad recorded in Huanghua sida ji written by Jia Dan.The present article recalls the importance of Yang Liangyao's mission based on my paper entitled“New Evidence on the History of Sino-Arabic Relations:A Study of Yang Liangyao's Embassy to the Abbasid Caliphate”.I would explain why there is no record on Yang Liangyao's mission both in eastern and western sources according to the system of eunuch's visiting foreign country in Tang dynasty.Finally,I point that the nature of the Inscription on the tomb and the related persons with Yang Liangyao,whose were not paid attention by Stephen G.Haw in his article.