生姜的病原性真菌群结腐霉和腐皮镰孢的介绍与防治方法

Introduction and Control Methods of Pathogenic Fungi Pythium and Fusarium Oxysporum of Ginger

生姜属于多年生单子叶的草本植物,并且具有极高的经济价值,无论是在食品,药品和保健品等领域都有广泛的应用。但是生姜特别容易发生疾病,如根腐病,枯萎病,姜瘟病等,从而使得生姜产量下降,品质降低。根腐病病原菌主要是由群结腐霉引起的,而枯萎病的致病性真菌是腐皮镰孢。目前市面上的防治方法主要集中在是物理防治方面,化学防治方面和生物防治方面。生物防治只要是通过拮抗实验,进而筛选拥有最优秀效果的拮抗菌。拮抗菌可以抑制病原菌的繁殖与生长,并且拮抗物质的积累还能促进正常生姜的生长。众多的研究表明芽孢杆菌对群结腐霉和腐皮镰孢的拮抗效果较好,所以筛选出对病原性真菌抑制效果较好的芽孢杆菌是目前研究的重中之重,与此同时也可以为后来的生产实践奠定一定的实验基础。

Ginger belongs to perennial monocotyledon herbs,and has high economic value.It is widely used in food,medicine,health products and other fields.However,ginger is particularly prone to diseases,such as root rot,Fusarium wilt,ginger blast and so on,which reduces the yield and quality of ginger.The pathogen of root rot is mainly caused by Pythium,and the pathogenic fungus of Fusarium wilt is Fusarium oxysporum.At present,the control methods on the market are mainly focused on physical control,chemical control and biological control.Biological control as long as through the antagonistic experiment,and then screen the antagonistic bacteria with the best effect.Antagonistic bacteria can inhibit the reproduction and growth of pathogenic bacteria,and the accumulation of antagonistic substances can also promote the growth of normal ginger.Many studies have shown that Bacillus has a good antagonistic effect on Pythium and Fusarium oxysporum,so screening Bacillus with good inhibitory effect on pathogenic fungi is the top priority of the current research.at the same time,it can also lay a certain experimental foundation for later production practice.