2008—2018年宁夏水痘流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella in Ningxia from 2008 to 2018

目的分析宁夏2008—2018年水痘流行特征,为今后更好预防和控制水痘提供科学依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法对宁夏2008—2018年水痘监测数据进行特征分析。结果2008—2018年宁夏共报告水痘病例45789例,平均发病率为64.51/10万。发病时间呈现双峰特征,高峰集中在4—6月份和11—次年1月份两个时间段。石嘴山市发病率最高,固原市发病率最低,五市发病率差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=3275.25,P<0.001)。发病人群以4~15岁年龄段的中小学生、托幼机构和散居儿童为主。男性发病率高于女性(χ^2=260.00,P<0.001)。宁夏水痘总体疫情表现出报告发病率上升趋势(χ^2趋势=860.94,P<0.001)。结论2008—2018年,宁夏水痘发病率呈现总体上升态势,防控工作急需以石嘴山市、中卫市为重点地区,以4~15岁年龄段的中小学生、托幼机构和散居儿童为重点人群,急需强化病例监测、推广水痘疫苗接种、加强卫生宣教和培训、健全水痘疫情通报等综合防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of varicella in Ningxia from 2008 to 2018,and provide scientific basis for better prevention and control of varicella in the future.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of varicella surveillance from 2008 to 2018 in Ningxia.Results From 2008 to 2018,a tot al of 45789 cases of Varicella were reported in Ningxia,the average incidence was 64.51/100000.The onset time presented a double peak,the peak was concentrated in April-June and November-January of next year.The incidence rate in Shizuishan was the highest and that in Guyuan was the lowest.There was a significant difference among the five cities(χ^2=3275.25,P<0.001).Primary and secondary school students,nurseries and scattered children aged 4-15 years old were the main affected group.The incidence rate in male was higher than that in female(χ^2=260.00,P<0001).The general epidemic situation of varicella in Ningxia showed an upward trend of the reported incidence rate(χ^2=860.94,P<0.001).Conclusion From 2008 to 2018,the incidence of varicella in Ningxia showed an overall rising trend,and the prevention and control work should be shifted to the key areas of Shizuishan and Zhongwei,focusing on primary and secondary school students,nurseries and scattered children aged 4-15 years.It is urgent to take comprehensive prevention and control measures such as strengthening case surveillance,popularizing varicella vaccination,strengthening health education and training,and improving varicella epidemic situation notification.