2015—2018年宁夏学校突发公共卫生事件特征分析

Analysis on Characteristics of School Public Health Emergencies in Ningxia from 2015 to 2018

目的分析2015—2018年宁夏学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征,为有效预防控制水痘疫情提供科学依据。方法对突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统中,2015—2018年宁夏报告的学校突发公共卫生事件进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2015—2018年全区共报告一般及以上学校突发公共卫生事件51起,占全区突发公共卫生事件报告总数的79.69%,以传染病类事件为主共报告50起,占98.04%;银川市报告事件起数最多,共21起,占41.18%;每年4至6月份和10至12月份为学校突发公共卫生事件发生的两个高峰期,分别报告事件27起、15起,占报告事件总数的52.94%、29.41%;事件主要集中在城市小学和农村小学,分别报告17起、12起,各占33.33%、23.53%;事件报告时间差中位数为6.94 d,事件持续时间中位数为18.17 d。结论宁夏学校突发公共卫生事件防控形势仍有待提高,改善学校卫生条件,有针对性地开展卫生健康宣教,培养良好的卫生行为习惯,增强师生整体公共卫生意识和提高自我防病能力。

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of school public health emergencies in Ningxia from 2015 to 2018,so as to provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of chickenpox outbreak.Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data of school public health emergencies reported in public health emergency management information system during 2015 to 2018.Results From 2015 to 2018,a total of 51 public health emergencies at the general level or above were reported in schools,accounting for 79.69% of the total number of public health emergencies reported in the district.Most of the incidents were infectious diseases,with 50 incidents(98.04%)reported.Yinchuan reported a maximum of 21 incidents,accounting for 41.18%.Public health emergencies in schools peak in April—June and October—December every year,with 27 and 15 incidents reported respectively,accounting for 52.94% and 29.41% of the total number of reported incidents.The incidents were mainly concentrated in urban primary schools and rural primary schools,with 17 and 12 cases reported respectively,accounting for 33.33% and 23.53% respectively.The median reporting time was 6.94 d,and the median duration was 18.17 d.Conclusion The prevention and control situation of school public health emergencies in Ningxia still needs to be improved.We should improve the school health conditions,carry out health education targeted,cultivate good health behavior habits,enhance the overall public health awareness of teachers and students and improve the ability of self-prevention.