基于生态系统视角的航天复杂巨系统管理实践

Aerospace Complex Giant System Management Practice Based on Ecosystem Perspective

航天重大工程研制涉及成千上万的研制人员,数量众多的协同单位,不计其数的生产和试验设备,形成了一个复杂巨系统。复杂巨系统包拢形成的航天生态,是以航天精神为价值导向,以解决科学问题、激发技术创新为目的,以合作共生为基础,通过物质、能量和信息流动的方式,实现资源共享、优势互补、风险共担的相互依赖、相互作用的动态平衡系统。长征五号运载火箭是我国新一代运载火箭,是典型的航天复杂巨系统工程,在其研制过程中,积累了基于系统工程的航天复杂巨系统管理经验。本文分析了航天生态系统概念内涵及特征,总结了基于长征五号管理实践,提出了大范围多层次的航天生态系统架构,创新了管理方法,对提升航天系统管理水平,推动新时代航天管理理论的发展意义重大。

The research and development of major aerospace projects involves thousands of researchers,with a large number of collaborative units, and countless production and test equipment,forming a complex giant system.The space ecology formed by the complex giant system is a dynamic balance system with the aerospace spirit as the value orientation,the purpose of solving scientific problems and stimulating technological innovation,based on the cooperation and symbiosis,and through the flow of material,energy and information,realizing the interdependence and interaction of resource sharing,complementary advantages and risk sharing.The Long March 5 Launch Vehicle is a new generation of launch vehicle in China.It is a typical aerospace complex giant system engineering.In the process of its development,we have accumulated the experience of aerospace complex giant system management based on system engineering.This paper analyzes the concept connotation and characteristics of space ecosystem,summarizes the management practice based on the Long March 5 Series Launch Vehicle,proposes a large-scale and multi-level space ecosystem architecture,and innovates management methods, which is of great significance to improve the management level of space system and promote the development of space management theory in the new era.