成都市青羊区羊市街东口元代沟渠遗址发掘简报

Brief Excavation Report of the Yuan Dynasty Aqueduct at Eastern End of Yangshi Street in Qingyang District,Chengdu

2016年10月,成都文物考古研究院与青羊区文物管理所对青羊区羊市街17号工地开展了勘探和发掘工作,清理了一条元代的大型砖砌沟渠。沟渠内的出土物以瓷器居多,器形包括碗、盘、盏、洗、杯、钵、罐、瓶、注壶、器盖、动物塑像等,窑口产地可辨成都琉璃厂窑、乐山西坝窑、彭州磁峰窑、龙泉窑、钧窑、景德镇窑和耀州窑。除瓷器外,还出土有陶瓦当、铭文砖、花纹砖、罐、炉、瓶等以及少量“大元通宝”钱币。目前成都城内所见的元代遗存很少,这批考古发现对于探索元代成都的城市建设、社会生活、商品贸易流通等问题,都具有十分重要的参考价值。

In October 2016,a large brick aqueduct was excavated by Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology jointly with Qingyang District Administration of Cultural Relics,which was located at No.17 Yangshi Street in the center of the old town of Chengdu.Unearthed items were mostly porcelains,including bowls,plates,washers,cups,jars,vases,ewers,covers,animal figurines,etc.Identifiable kilns and places of origins include Liulichang Kiln琉璃厂窑in Chengdu,Xiba Kiln西坝窑in Leshan,Cifeng Kiln磁峰窑in Pengzhou,Longquan Kiln龙泉窑,Junyao Kiln钧密,Jingdezhen Kiln景德镇窑and Yaozhou Kiln耀州窑.Apart from porcelains,discoveries also included pottery tile-ends,bricks with inscriptions,bricks with decorative patterns,pots,furmaces,bottles and a small amount of“Dayuan Tongbao”大元通宝coins.According to the bricklaying of aqueduct walls and features of the unearthed objects,we believe the aqueduct should be dated to Yuan Dynasty and acted as an important municipal water supply and drainage facility in the city at that time.Although the outbreak of war between Song and Mongol-Yuan in the last years of Southern Song Dynasty brought massive devastation to Chengdu area,following the gradual stabilization of political situation since early Y uan Dynasty,social economy and urban construction of Chengdu were restored and developed to a certain degree,which also created the precondition for the circulation of nonnative commodities into Sichuan,such as porcelains from Longquan Kiln,Junyao Kiln,Jingdezhen Kiln,etc.Besides,features of the unearthed porcelains indicate that in comparison with the Southern Song Dynasty,a remarkable change took place in the configuration mode of kilns in the urban porcelain consumption market of Chengdu in the Yuan Dynasty,with manifestations of local porcelain industry declining and nonnative products further becoming dominant.