上海市外来劳动者医疗与健康状况的调查研究

Surveying the Status of Medical Treatment and Health of Migrant Workers in Shanghai

目的:调查上海市外来劳动者医疗与健康的基本状况,分析影响因素方法:以上海市“智慧蓝领”健康科普服务站为调查点,采用问卷调查法对6494名外来劳动者进行调查,使用SPSS22.0进行统计描述.结果:外来劳动者总体健康状况较好,自评身体健康、自评幸福感均良好;影响健康状况的主要因素有性别、年龄、学历、职业资格等级和在本企业工龄;门诊卫生服务需要量较高但医疗卫生服务利用不足;两周患病率略低于城市居民但高于农村居民,疾病类别以感冒为主;慢性病患病率低于全国城乡居民,疾病类别位列前三位的为贫血、慢性咽喉炎、胃肠炎;社会基本医保覆盖率及保障水平仍然存在城乡差异:,结论:要重视外来劳动者的健康风险,建立完整的健康服务体系,加强劳动职业保护,完善医疗保障体系,改善医疗卫生服务公平性,切实维护外来劳动者的健康保障权益。

Objective To investigate the medical treatment and health status of migrant workers in Shanghai and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Based on the "intelligent blue collar" health science popularization service station in Shanghai, 6494 migrant workers were surveyed with questionnaire and analyzed with statistical software of SPSS22.0. Results Migrant workers are generally in good health, with good self-rated health and self-rated happiness. The main factors affecting health status were gender, age, education background, occupational qualification level and working years in the enterprise. The demand of out-patient health service was high, but the utilization of medical and health service was insufficient. The two-week prevalence was slightly lower than that of urban residents, but higher than that of rural residents, the main disease category of which was cold. The prevalence of chronic diseases was lower than that of urban and rural residents, and the top three diseases of which were anemia, chronic laryngitis and gastroenteritis. There still had differences between urban and rural areas in the coverage and security level of basic medical insurance. Conclusion It is suggested to attach importance to the health risk of migrant workers, establish a complete health service system, strengthen occupational protection, perfect the medical security system, improve the fairness of medical and health services, and effectively safeguard the health protection rights of migrant workers.