不一致性:《现代汉语词典》词类标注亟需解决的问题

Inconsistency:A problem in the tagging of Contemporary Chinese Dictionary

通过对《现汉》自5版以来词类标注问题有关研究文献和第7版中部分具有语义对称关系的词条词类标注情况的考察发现,存在的主要问题有:1)兼类词数量和比例偏低;2)具有语义对称关系的词条词类标注不尽一致,甚至相互矛盾。《现汉》在词类标注方面之所以出现上述问题,其根本原因在于词类标注理论前后的不一致和词类标注实践与词类标注理论的不一致。词类既然是词在语法功能上的分类,而词的语法功能又是在使用中浮现出来的,那么在划分词类和判断兼类时不仅应坚持语法功能标准,在词类标注实践中还应始终贯彻这一标准,并通过基于语料库的使用模式调查如实反映词目词类信息,以尽可能确保词典词类标注的准确性、系统性和全面性。

By investigating relevant literature concerning part-of-speech(POS)tagging of Contemporary Chinese Dictionary(CCD)since its 5 th edition and the POS tags of lexemes with semantic symmetry in the 7th edition,we have found two main problems:1)the number and proportion of the multi-category words are low;2)the POS tags of lexemes with semantic symmetry are inconsistent or even contradictory to each other.The main reasons for the problems lie in the inconsistency of the POS tagging theory in the process of labeling as well as the inconsistency between the POS tagging practice and theory.Since the POS is the classification of words according to their grammatical or syntactic functions in use,the grammatical/syntactic function criteria should be abided by all the time while categorizing words and classifying multi-category words,and should be implemented throughout the practice of tagging.Only in this way can the accuracy,systematicity and comprehensiveness of POS tagging be ensured to the fullest extent.