中国城市化问题的成因分析及提升路径

Analysis of the Causes of China’s Urbanization Problem and the Way to Improve

改革开放以前,中国城市化受政策影响很大,城市化发展模式不合理,让城市化滞后于经济发展和产业结构转换,形成城乡二元结构,没有提供充足的就业机会。中国城市化动力不足,面临人口基数大、资源短缺、农业人口偏多、工业发展基础薄弱、市场机制不完善、经济增长方式粗放等问题。中国更多是城镇化,存在着城乡二元体制,是推进小城镇发展,就地吸纳农村剩余劳动力,不断控制大城市人口,阻碍了城市化水平的提升,破坏了城市生态环境。改革开放以后,中国城市化获得了巨大发展,但仍需要大力发展城市群,转变增长方式,发挥市场的主导作用,提高城乡统筹水平,实现城乡一体化,实现可持续发展。

China’s urbanization is greatly affected by policies,and the urbanization development model is unreasonable,making urbanization lagging behind economic development and industrial structure transformation,forming a dual structure of urban and rural areas,and not providing sufficient employment opportunities.China’s urbanization drive is insufficient,and it faces problems such as a large population base,a shortage of resources,a large agricultural population,a weak foundation for industrial development,imperfect market mechanisms,and extensive economic growth.China is more urbanized,and there is a dual system of urban and rural areas.It promotes the development of small towns,absorbs surplus rural labor locally,and constantly controls the population of large cities,which hinders the improvement of urbanization and destroys the urban ecological environment.China’s urbanization requires vigorous development of urban agglomerations,transformation of growth patterns,exerting the leading role of the market,improving the level of urban-rural coordination,realizing urban-rural integration and achieving sustainable development.