社会工作介入危机家庭成效评估的实践研究

A Practical Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Social Work Intervention in Families in Crisis

实践,是社会工作知识生产的重要场域,而实践与知识之间的关系建构,社会工作者研究性的工作,发挥着直接的桥梁作用。本文通过2017年开始的支持危机家庭计划,探讨了实践研究评估社会工作干预中的"批判实在论"理论的运用。讨论主要集中在三个分面:本体地图、因果关系及研究框架。这个实践研究计划以质性研究方法进行。通过单一个案设计研究、目标为本纪录及服务用户满意程度调查,提出了脆弱循环理论,在此分析及整理出造成社会工作者介入效果的生成性机制。本文分析认为,脆弱循环是一种生活惯性,且在家庭关系发展中存在多个,无不伤害家庭。脆弱性是案主回归生存位置的生存策略。社会工作者应认真理清案主脆弱性发生的脉络、回应、身份取代机制,挖掘承载力、激发自我挑战力,以实现策略性转移,从而促进案主对社会工作者发出的邀请、挑战、重新安排的响应。由此本文强调,社会工作实务中应生产合适的直接介入理论,服务在地化的实践情境。实践工作是制造知识的绝佳场所,而社会工作者亦为重要的知识生产者。

Practice is an important field to produce social work knowledge. In constructing the relationship between practice and knowledge, the research work of social workers plays a direct bridging role. This article explores the application of"critical realism"theory in evaluating social work practice through a project to support families in crisis starting in 2017. The article covers three aspects: the ontology map, notion of causality, and research framework. This practice research is conducted with qualitative research methods. Through case studies, goal-oriented records and service user satisfaction survey, the Theory of Vulnerability Cycle is proposed, and the generative mechanism that causes the intervention effects of social workers are analyzed and sorted out. Based on the results of this study, it is believed that the Vulnerability Cycle is kind of an inertia in life,and they exist in different ways in the development of family relationships, all of which are harmful to the family. Vulnerability is a survival strategy of clients to return to their survival position. Social workers should carefully examine the context, response, and role replacement mechanisms in which the vulnerability of clients develops, and actively develop and stimulate the containment and challenge mechanisms so as to achieve strategic transfer, thereby promoting the client’s responses to the invitation, challenge, and reprioritization of the social workers. This article emphasizes that relevant social work intervention theories should be produced in the context of social work practice. Practice is an excellent site to produce knowledge,and social workers are also important knowledge producers.