古典社会工作理论:盖尔图特·波尔摩的社会教育学思想

Classical Social Work Theory:Gertrud Baumer’s Social Pedagogy Thought

古典社会工作理论形成于社会教育学和社会工作作为学科和职业的萌芽发展时期。在这个过程中,德国社会工作思想先驱盖尔图特·波尔摩分析"一战"带给社会结构变化,特别是青少年的创伤后,修正了当时一些社会教育学者的观点,强调社会教育学是指家庭和学校之外的第三个独立的教育领域。支持家庭、培养家长能力的预防性工作是重心,家庭、学校和社会教育学作为初级、二级和三级教育领域相辅相成,共同承担起"使儿童青少年获得广义教育、促进其身心健康成长和发展"的任务。盖尔图特·波尔摩的观点对中国社会工作本土化启示是,加快社会工作立法,设立社会工作官方机构;从个体与环境的双重视角,建构系统地应对儿童青少年和家庭问题的专业机制。

The classical social work theory was formed in the development period of social pedagogy and social work as a subject and profession. In this process, German social work pioneer Gertrud B?umer analyzed the changes in social structure brought by World War I, especially after the trauma of teenagers. He revised the viewpoints of some social education scholars at that time and emphasized that social education refers to the third independent education field besides family and school. Preventive work to support the family and develop parents’ capacity is the focus. Family, school and social pedagogy,as primary, secondary and tertiary education fields, complement each other and jointly undertake the task of"enabling children and adolescents to receive education in a broad sense and promoting their healthy growth and development physically and mentally". Gertrud B?umer ’s views enlighten the localization of Social work in China, which is to speed up the legislation of social work and establish the official institutions of social work;From the perspective of individual and environment,this paper constructs a professional mechanism to deal with the problems of children, adolescents and family systematically.