城市社区营造的本土实践:模式、机制与问题——基于对上海市P区项目评估的反思

Indigenized Practice of Urban Community Organizing:Models,Mechanisms and Problems——Based on the Reflection of a Project Evaluation of P District in Shanghai

当前社会治理创新背景下,作为在地化实践的社区营造呈现空间、社会与文化等主要模式,涵括物理环境、社会建设与精神文化等多元维度。本土社区营造的运作机制主要涉及总体性制度话语支撑、政府职能转变与项目制探索的制度机制,开放化社区理念下的党建引领与社会组织参与的组织机制以及社区能人与外部专业人士参与的行动者机制。然而,本土社区营造实践也暴露出一系列问题,例如制度悬浮、政府职能转型不彻底与项目非可持续性,党建引领方法化、社会组织边缘化与居委会行政惯性,以及"欠积极分子"缺场与专业人士主导的精英化风险。总之,本土社区营造给出了实践的新探索与新诠释,在制度、组织与行动者层面有着跨文化意义。

On the background of contemporary social governance innovation, as a localized practice, community organizing presents the spacial, social and cultural models, including physical environment, social construction and spirit and culture. The operation mechanisms mainly consist of the institutional mechanisms such as the general discourse support, transformation of government functions and exploration of project responsibility system;organizational mechanisms such as party’s leadership from the open community concept and social organization participating, and the actor mechanisms namely the participation of capable people of community and professionals. However, there also exists a series of problems, for instance, the institutional suspension, the halfway of the transformation of government function and the unsustainability of projects;the instrumentalization of party’s leadership, marginalization of social organization and administrative inertia of the neighborhood community;and the absence of non-activists and the risk of elitism dominated by the professionals. Above all, we can see new explorations and interpretations from the indigenized community organizing, which has cross-cultural meanings in the aspects of institution, organization and actor.