社会工作教育在社会工作专业化发展中的作用——基于一个整合的概念框架

The Role of Social Work Education in the Development of Social Work Professionalization:Based on an integrated conceptual framework

社会工作教育在社会工作专业化进程中扮演着重要角色。社会工作教育如何更好地促进专业化发展是当前中国社会工作发展面临的关键议题。本文构建了分析社会工作教育在社会工作专业化发展中作用的概念框架。该框架认为社会工作专业化发展不是直线式前进的,而是会经历"专业化—专业下行—再专业化"的过程。在这个过程中,社会工作教育既可能推动专业化和再专业化,也可能带来专业下行。基于对中国台湾地区的案例分析,发现台湾地区社会工作发展经历了:专业化阶段呈现参照或学习成熟专业的做法,借着外部专业的规范进行内化;社会工作教育的扩张和商品化、社会工作教育社群和社会工作职业群体分裂导致其进入"泛滥"和专业下行阶段;后期的教育和实务力量整合,促使了台湾地区社会工作专业走向再专业化,呈现出独立和觉醒的特质。基于此,中国大陆社会工作教育应当促进社会工作学科独立性,促进国际化与本土化融合发展,促进教育与实践深度联结,促进社会工作教育内涵式发展。

Social work education plays an important role in the professionalization of social work. How social work education can better promote development of social work professionalization is a key issue in the development of social work in China. Based on the professional development process model established by Emener & Cottone(1989)and Randall & Kindiak(2008),this paper constructs a conceptual framework for analyzing the role of social work education in the professional development of social work. The framework believes that the professional development of social work does not advance in a straight line,but will go through a process of "professionalization-professional decline-reprofessionalization". In this process, social work education may not only promote professionalization and reprofessionalization, but also cause professional decline. Based on social work development in Taiwan, this article suggests that social work education in China's Mainland should promote the independence of social work disciplines, promote the integration of internationalization and localization, promote the indepth connection of education and practice, and promote the connotative development of social work education.