无偿行为善意取得的比较研究

The Comparative Study of Bona Fide Acquisition without Consideration

支付对价是善意取得的要件之一。可是,日本民法中因没有明文规定有偿取得作为善意取得成立之要件,为此学界有不同的见解。其中多数说认为,即使第三人与占有人之间的交易是无偿的,善意取得依然可以成立。与此相对,奥地利民法和中国物权法中均明确规定将有偿性作为善意取得的要件,且善意取得成立的前提是必须有偿的同时,又派生出了一系列新问题,例如,善意第三人是否必须对占有人实际支付对价、能否将不合理的价格也理解为有偿、可否要求全部支付合同中订立的金额,以及当支付价款与交付标的物的时间发生差异时,应在哪个时间点考察要求第三人必须善意,以上这些设问均在日、中、奥三国法律的比较研究中一一探明,并找出其合理的答案。

Valuable consideration is one of the elements of acquisition in good faith. However, there are different views in the academic circles because there is no explicit provision for paid acquisition as an element of bona fide acquisition in Japanese civil law. Most of them believe that bona fide acquisition can still be established even if the transaction between the third party and the occupier is free. In contrast, both Austrian civil law and Chinese property law clearly stipulate compensation as an element of bona fide acquisition, and the premise of bona fide acquisition is that it must be paid, at the same time, it also gives rise to a series of new questions, for example, whether the bona fide third party must actually pay the consideration to the occupant, whether the unreasonable price can be understood as paid, whether the amount stipulated in the contract can be paid in full and when there is a difference between the time of payment and the delivery of the subject matter, at which time C should be required to be in good faith. All these questions and their reasonable answers are found out in the comparative study of the laws of Japan, China and Austria.