股东补充责任的特征解构

Characteristic Deconstruction of Shareholders’ Supplementary Liability

股东补充责任是在我国本土生长起来的公司法律制度,因此对其法律特征的研究对构建具有中国特色的公司法基础理论有重要探索意义。股东补充责任的法律特征应分为一般特征和独有特征两个层次。一般特征体现了股东补充责任与其他类型补充责任所具有的共通性,即补充性、牵连性和不确定性。独有特征包括责任形成的无因性,责任范围的有限性和责任实现的终局性,其中无因性彰显了股东补充责任保障商事交易的信用功能,反映出其商事法律责任的本质属性。股东补充责任的独有特征表明补充责任并非所有法律部门通用的规则,在不同的法律领域呈现不同的特质,因此对补充责任的民商界分应当是未来的研究方向。

Shareholders’ supplementary liability is a corporate legal system that grew up in China, so the study of its legal characteristics is of great significance to the construction of the basic theory of company law with Chinese characteristics. The legal characteristics of shareholders’ supplementary liability should be divided into two levels: general characteristics and unique characteristics. The general characteristics reflect the commonality between shareholders’ supplementary liability and other types of supplementary liability, that is, complementarity, involvement and uncertainty. The unique characteristics include the non-causality of the formation of liability, the limitation of the scope of liability and the finality of the realization of liability, in which non-causality highlights the credit function of shareholders’ supplementary liability to protect commercial transactions and reflects the nature of its commercial legal liability. The unique characteristics of shareholders’ supplementary liability show that supplementary liability is not a common rule of all legal departments and has different characteristics in different legal fields, so the division of supplementary liability in the civil and commercial sector should be the research direction in the future.