2005-2018年青海省人间布鲁菌病流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2018

目的分析青海省人间布鲁菌病(布病)流行规律与趋势,为制定完善的布病防治对策提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,收集2005-2018年青海省的布病报告病例资料(来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统),对人间布病的三间分布情况(时间、地区、人群分布)进行统计学描述和分析。结果2005-2018年,青海省累计报告布病病例418例,发病率为0.05/10万;不同年份间发病率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.63,P<0.05)。2005-2010年布病发病率保持在较低水平,范围为0~0.05/10万;2011-2018年发病率有所上升,范围为0.27/10万~2.06/10万。全年各月均有布病报告病例,发病时间主要集中在4-6月份,占42.82%(179/418)。418例病例分布在全省20个县(市、区),其中发病率前5位依次为门源县(15.31%,64/418)、河南县(13.40%,56/418)、天峻县(13.16%,55/418)、西宁市(12.44%,52/418)、海晏县(7.66%,32/418)。人群分布中,布病病例以40~49岁年龄组最多,占32.78%(137/418);男女性别比为1.58∶1.00(256∶162);职业分布以牧民为主,占57.18%(239/418)。结论青海省布病疫情呈回升态势,应加强对重点地区、人群的布病监测及疫情通报,落实全民健康教育。

Objective The epidemic regularity and trend of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province were analyzed to provide basis for formulating more perfect prevention and control measures.Methods Using descriptive epidemiological methods,the data of brucellosis reported cases in Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2018(from the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System)were collected,and the three distributions(time,region and population distributions)of human brucellosis were statistically described and analyzed.Results From 2005 to 2018,a total of 418 cases were reported in Qinghai Province,with a incidence of 0.05/100000,the incidence of different years was statistically different(χ2=11.63,P<0.05).The incidence of brucellosis remained at a low level from 2005 to 2010,ranged from 0 to 0.05/100000;and the incidence increased from 2011 to 2018,ranged from 0.27/100000 to 2.06/100000.There were reported cases of brucellosis throughout the year,and the onset time was mainly from April to June,accounting for 42.82%(179/418).The 418 cases were distributed in 20 counties(cities,districts),among which the top 5 incidence rates were Menyuan County(15.31%,64/418),Henan County(13.40%,56/418),Tianjun County(13.16%,55/418),Xining City(12.44%,52/418),and Haiyan County(7.66%,32/418).In the population distribution,brucellosis cases in the age group from 40 to 49 years old were the most,accounting for 32.78%(137/418),the male to female ratio was 1.58∶1.00(256∶162).And the occupational distribution was dominated by herdsmen,accounting for 57.18%(239/418).Conclusions The epidemic situation of brucellosis in Qinghai Province is on the rise.It should be strengthened the population monitoring and notification of outbreaks,and health education for all should be implemented.