日本的个人破产免责制度及其借镜

Japan’s Personal Bankruptcy Exemption System and Its Reference

个人破产制度的首要立法目的在于促进个人债务人的经济再生,关键在于免责制度。20世纪50年代以来,日本逐步建立起独具特色的个人破产免责制度。其中,在形式上将破产清算程序与免责程序相分离,针对个人债务人提出的免责申请采取许可免责主义,细致设定不许可免责事由,分类列明非免责债权,以强制执行程序中禁止查封的财产为基准来科学划定自由财产的范围,均是为我国构建个人破产制度提供的有益启示。

The primary legislative purpose of personal bankruptcy system is to promote the economic regeneration of individual debtor,and the key lies in the exemption system.Since the 1950s,Japan has gradually established a unique personal bankruptcy exemption system.Among them,separating the bankruptcy liquidation procedure from the exemption procedure in form,adopting the permissive exemption principle according to the exemption application of individual debtor,setting up the non exemption reasons in detail,classifying the non exemption claims,and scientifically delimiting the scope of free property based on the property prohibited in the compulsory execution procedure are all beneficial to the construction of personal bankruptcy system in China Enlightenment.