稀土磷肥及含稀土磷矿在农业领域的应用效果与前景

Application Effect and Prospect of Rare Earth Phosphate Fertilizer and Rare Earth Phosphate Ore in Agriculture

贵州织金存在一种低品位含稀土磷矿,难以合理利用。在综述稀土磷肥的研发过程及相关工艺的基础上,对比分析了稀土磷肥的农用效果,以贵州织金含稀土磷矿为例,提出含稀土磷矿及稀土磷肥农业应用存在的问题。结果表明:稀土磷肥相比普通磷肥存在多种优势,施用稀土磷肥能大幅增产,提高经济效益,其增产效果与施用肥料组合、作物品种、磷肥中稀土的含量、肥料施用量和施用方式等密切相关,认为只要剂量适当,施用稀土肥料对农产品和人畜都是安全的。织金磷矿中稀土元素性质稳定且不易被植物吸收,需设计新工艺转化矿物的非活性稀土元素,生产出符合质量和环保要求的稀土磷肥,以解决含稀土磷矿综合利用的难题,达到科学利用含稀土磷矿这一自然资源的目的。

A low-grade rare-earth phosphate ore exists in Zhijin Guizhou Province, which is difficult to use reasonably. Based on a review of the research process and related crafts of rare earth phosphate fertilizers, the results of various advantages of rare earth phosphate fertilizers were compared with ordinary phosphate fertilizers. Comparative analysis of agricultural effects of rare earth phosphate fertilizer were carried out in this paper, to point out the problems of agricultural application of rare earth phosphate ores and rare earth phosphate fertilizers, taking this kind of low-grade rare earth phosphate ore in Zhijin County, Guizhou Province, as an example. The study indicates that the application of rare earth phosphate fertilizer can significantly increase production and improve economic efficiency, and the yield increase is closely related to the application of fertilizer combination, the crop varieties, the content of rare earth in phosphate fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer applied and the mode of application. The feasibility and problems of applying rare earth phosphate ore to agriculture are proposed, which shows that as long as the amount is appropriate, application of rare earth fertilizers is safe for agricultural products, human and livestock. The rare earth elements in the phosphate ore are stable and difficult to be absorbed by plants. It is necessary to design a new process to convert the inactive rare earth elements of the minerals, and to produce rare earth phosphate fertilizers that meet the requirements of quality and environmental protection, so as to solve the problem of comprehensive utilization of rare earth phosphate ore and scientifically use the resources of rare earth phosphate ore.