视域融合:理解者主观性和历史性的泛滥

Fusion of Horizons:Subjectivity and Historical Proliferation of Understanding

伽达默尔提出的视域融合不仅是理解与解释的最终任务,同时也是一种生存论意义上的诠释学方法。然而,伽达默尔的视域融合思想也产生两个问题:一是理解主体的自由化及最高权威话语弱化的问题;二是理解者的历史意识对历史事实的轻视,即理解以现时代为主而轻视、否定历史的问题。因此,反思伽达默尔的视域融合思想,就要明晰理解的主观性与客观性、历史性与现实性之间的辩证关系,树立理解的底线思维和历史思维,将解决问题作为理解活动的环节,将实现理解者自我价值作为理解活动的目的和朝向。

Fusion of horizons put forward by Gadamer is not only the final task of understanding and interpretation,but also a hermeneutic method in the sense of existentialism.However,fusion of horizons proposed by Gadamer also has two problems:one is the liberalization of understanding subject and weakening of supreme authority discourse;another is that people's historical consciousness despises historical facts,which is also the problem that understanding gives priority to modern times and despises and deny history.Therefore,in reflecting on Gadamer′s fusion of horizons thought,it is necessary to clarify the dialectical relationship between subjectivity and objectivity,historicity and reality of understanding,setting up the bottom line thinking and historical thinking of understanding,taking problem solving as the link of understanding activities,realizing the self-worth of the understanding as the purpose and orientation of understanding activities.