社会公平感知对农村养老保险参与行为的影响——基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)的实证研究

The Effect of Fairness Perception on Peasants'Participation in New Rural Pension Insurance Program--Evidence from Chinese General Social Survey

公平正义是人类社会的核心价值追求和行动指南,大众的公平感直接影响国家经济社会制度乃至政治合法性认同。行为是态度的函数,公平感知既是公共合作行为的解释变量,也是国家治理能力的关键指标。本研究基于社会比较、程序正义和归因理论,结合中国综合社会调查2015年的数据,检验并比较了社会公平感知、机会公平感知、执法公正感知和结果公平感知对农村养老保险参保行为的影响效应。结果发现:对所有样本来说,结果公平感知的正向促进作用最为显著,执法公正感知及相关清廉感知次之,社会整体公平感知殿后;机会公平感知对农民参保并无统计意义上的显著影响;政策效率受制于主观公平。在划分不同收入层次的子样本中,人们的公共合作参与行为受不同维度公平感知不同程度的调节作用,经济弱势者不仅关注事实所得,亦看重与结果相关的机会公平与过程公平。

Fairness and justice are the core value pursuits and the action guides of human society.The public's perception of fairness has direct impacts on national economic and social systems and even the identification of political legitimacy.Behavior is a function of attitude,and fairness perception is an explanatory variable of public cooperation behavior as well as a key indicator of national governance capabilities.Based on the theories of social comparison,procedural justice and attribution,and combined with CGSS 2015 data,this study explores the implications of society fairness,opportunity fairness,administrative enforcement fairness and result fairness to the participation of new rural pension insurance system.The results show as follow:for all the samples,the perception of result fairness has the most significant positive effect,followed by the fairness perception of administrative enforcement,then the overall social perception of fairness;the perception of opportunity fairness has no statistically significant impact on peasants'participation in insurance;policy efficiency is subject to subjective fairness.In the sub samples divided into different income levels,people's public cooperation behavior varies with the sensitivity of the fairness perception in different dimensions.The economically disadvantaged not only concern the factual gains,but also attach importance to the opportunity equity and process equity related to outcomes.