中国传统园林植物香景哲理意蕴解析

Philosophic Meanings of Plant Smellscape in Chinese Traditional Gardens

中国传统园林注重应用植物营造香景,并在长期的园林审美活动中赋予了香景丰富的人文内涵。通过对历代园林诗文绘画及匾额楹联的梳理考察,发现宋代以降受理学、禅宗、老庄思想的影响,植物香景富有深邃的哲理意蕴,突出体现在“静观生意”“闻于无香”“参香通禅”“听香”4种审美观照中,其核心在于透过植物散发香气的勃勃生机窥见大化流行,感悟生命本真,臻入物我为一的超然境界。

Chinese traditional gardens pay attention to use plants to create smellscape which is given rich humanistic connotations in the long-term garden aesthetic activities.Through investigating the garden poetry,paintings,plaques and couplets of the past dynasties,it is found that after the Song Dynasty,influenced by Neo-Confucianism,Zen Buddhism,and Taoism,the plant smellscape has gained philosophic meanings which are prominently illustrated in four aesthetic viewings,namely“viewing the vitality”,“smelling in no fragrance”,“understanding fragrance and Zen”,and“listening to the smell”.The core of these smellscape aesthetic activities is that,through enjoying the vital fragrances of plants,the ancients could understand the law of nature and the truth of life,and reach the transcendent realm where nature and human are united.