“四个评价”落实中的主要矛盾及化解思路

The Main Contradictions and Solutions in the Implementation of“Four Evaluations”

教育评价尤其是考试招生制度中的评价涉及面广,是我国教育改革中最具难度、最复杂和最敏感的领域之一。“四个评价”落实过程中存在着评价的主观性与人情权钱的干扰之间的矛盾、评价效度与效率之间的矛盾、评价方式的多元化与决策的单一标准之间的矛盾等。这些矛盾是长期和普遍存在的,并非为特定阶段或我国国情所独有,虽然存在不公正的可能性,但消极效果并不必然发生。化解这些矛盾的基本出发点在于教育价值的判断及其证成,并聚焦评价效度这一根本要义。针对评价中可能出现的各种问题以“疏”而非“堵”加以解决,矛盾化解过程中应尽力做到责任—权利—利益激励相容。矛盾化解的基本框架在于:学校自主评价,政府依法宏观管理,社会参与监督,并通过学生选择权利的充分保障及市场竞争等倒逼评价主体的能力建设。

Education evaluation,especially the examination and admission system,is one of the most difficult,complex and sensitive fields in China’s education reform.In the process of implementing the“four evaluations”—improving outcome-based evaluation,strengthening process-based evaluation,exploring value-added evaluation,and optimizing comprehensive evaluation,there may be contradictions between the subjectivity of comprehensive evaluation and the interference of human relationship,power and money,between the evaluation validity and the efficiency of the“four evaluations”,and the contradiction between the diversification of evaluation methods and the single standard of decision-making.These contradictions exist for a long time and are not unique to the specific stage or China’s national conditions.Although there is the possibility of injustice,the negative effects do not necessarily occur.This paper proposes that the basic starting point of resolving these contradictions lies in the judgment and demonstration of educational value,and focuses on the basic meaning of evaluation validity.In view of all kinds of problems that may appear in the evaluation,we should solve them by“unblocking”instead of“blocking”.In the process of resolving contradictions,“responsibility-right-interest”incentive is compatible.The key subject to resolve the contradiction is school,government macro administration according to law,social participation and supervision,and the ability construction of evaluation forced by the protection of students’right to choose and the market competition mechanism.