初产妇母乳喂养负性情感体验的质性研究

The negative emotional experience of primipara in breastfeeding:A qualitative study

目的了解初产妇母乳喂养相关的负性情感体验,探讨其在哺乳过程中面临的心理社会问题。方法以社会生态模型为理论指导,采用现象学研究方法,对14例符合要求的初产妇进行半结构化深度访谈。结果提炼出自我情感体验、人际交往体验和环境应激引发的心理体验3个方面共9个主题。分别为习得性无助、内疚感、自我良好感丧失、自我感受负担;决策困难、孤军奋战的无奈、求助不能;自尊受挫、哺乳需要与社会要求的冲突感。结论初产妇的母乳喂养负性情感体验由个人、家庭、社会等多种因素引起,需要继续建立和稳固母乳喂养支持系统。

Objective To understand the primiparas'negative emotional experiences of breastfeeding and explore the psychosocial problems in the process of breastfeeding.Methods Phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 cases of qualified primiparas,taking Social Ecological Model as the theoretical guidance.Results A total of 9 themes were extracted from 3 aspects:self-emotional experience,interpersonal experience and psychological experience caused by environmental stress.Totally 9 themes were extracted from contents,including learned helplessness,guilt,loss of self-well feeling,self-perceived burden;decision-making difficulty,helplessness of fighting alone,inability to seek help;frustrated self-esteem,confliction between breastfeeding needs and social attribute.Conclusion Primiparas'negative emotional experiences of breastfeeding is caused by many factors such as individual,family and society.Continued establishment and stabilization of breastfeeding support systems is needed.