分离岛式地铁站可用安全疏散时间计算与比较分析

Calculation and comparative analysis on available safe egress time of separated island metro station

为研究大客流地铁车站风险因素,提出车站疏散能力分析的基本要素,结合某分离岛式地下车站,采用规范计算及精细网格模型对可用安全疏散时间进行计算与比较分析。结果表明:楼扶梯的通过效率、车站结构形式、疏散人员的数量及分布情况等因素对仿真模拟的结果产生影响;《地铁安全疏散规范》(GB/T 33668—2017)综合考虑了疏散至楼扶梯入口时间、楼扶梯上平均滞留时间及通道非均匀性偏差时间等,与仿真模拟结果的吻合度较高。研究结果可为国内类似车站的安全疏散设计及运营疏散组织提供参考。

The large passenger flow is an important risk threatening the operational safety of subway stations,and the available safe egress time is an important factor to judge the risk of large passenger flow in the station.The basic elements of analyzing the evacuation capacity of the station was put forward,and combined with a separated island underground station,the calculation and comparative analysis on the available safe egress time was conducted by using the standard calculation and the fine grid model.The results showed that the passing efficiency of stairs and escalators,the structural form of station,the amount and distribution of evacuees and other factors would influence the simulation results.The"Code for safety evacuation of metro"comprehensively considered the evacuation time to the entrances of stairs and escalators,the average residence time on stairs and escalators and the non-uniformity deviation time of passage,etc.,which was in good agreement with the simulation results.The research results can provide reference for the safe evacuation design and operational evacuation organizing in the similar stations at home.