有压泄洪洞突扩突跌式非对称消力池水力特性研究

Study on hydraulic characteristics of sudden enlargement drop-sill asymmetrical stilling pool with pressure spillway tunnel

高水头水电工程中,有压泄水建筑物出口多采用挑流或底流消能方式,但挑流消能易造成高雾化和尾水波动,底流消能存在高速水流的脉动和冲蚀等现象,易造成消力池破坏。本文对有压洞出口非对称消力池的不同体型进行实验研究,分析消力池内不同边墙及底板处的水力特性,通过降低水流进入消力池临底和临边的流速,减小对消力池底板和边墙的冲刷破坏,提高边墙高流速区的水流空化数,改善底板和边墙的空化特性,实现泄洪消能建筑物的安全稳定运行,研究成果可为实际工程提供支持。

The deflecting flow and bottom flow energy dissipation mode is mostly adopted in the outlet of pressure drainage buildings aiming at high head hydropower projects. However,deflecting flow energy dissipation leads to high atomization and tail water fluctuation easily. The bottom flow energy dissipation suffers from pulsating and erosion of high-speed water flow,etc.,and it is easy to cause the destruction of the stilling pool. The different stilling pool forms is experimentally studied in the paper aiming at asymmetrical stilling pools of pressure spillway tunnel outlets in the paper. The hydraulic characteristics of different sidewalls and bottom boards in the stilling pool are analyzed. The flood discharge energy dissipation buildings are operated safely and stably through lowering the speed of water flow into the bottom and edge of the stilling pool,reducing the erosion damage on the stilling pool bottom board and sidewall,improving the flow cavitation number of sidewall high velocity area,and improving the avitation characteristics of the bottom board and sidewalls. The research results can provide support for practical project.