印象形成中社会知觉信息效价冲突的认知控制效应

The Impression Control Effects of Social Perceived Information’s Valence Conflicts

当个体信息与类别信息同时呈现时,个体的自我控制资源与信息效价产生交互作用,且共同影响他人印象形成的认知控制策略和信息加工深度。为进一步探究这一现象所产生的印象控制效应,采用自我控制资源损耗任务将96名被试随机分为高损耗组和低损耗组,并让他们完成内隐联想测验,以考察个体信息与类别信息的效价冲突时,他人印象控制策略如何受到自我控制资源与信息效价的双重影响。结果发现:(1)个体信息与类别信息的印象控制依赖于自我控制资源。(2)自我控制资源损耗与信息效价类型存在显著的交互作用。当个体损耗了较多的自我控制资源后,对效价冲突的个体信息与类别信息进行印象加工时,消极刻板印象的激活因受到这两类效价冲突信息的限制,只能依赖实时更新的面部表情信息,从而形成自下而上的反应性控制;当个体损耗的自我控制资源较少时,对同样的个体信息与类别信息,不论效价相容或冲突,均能保持对消极刻板印象的自动激活,从而导致自上而下的主动性控制。

When individual information and categorical information is presented simultaneously,the interaction occurs between self-control resources of an individual and types of information valence,which jointly affect impression formation of others in cognitive control strategies and the depth of information processing.To further investigate the impression control effects of this phenomenon,96 participants,based on the task of self-control resources depletion,were randomly divided into the high depletion group and the low depletion group.Then,they were asked to complete Implicit Association Test to explore how the control strategies of others’impression are influenced by self-control resources and information valence when the valence conflicts arise between individual information and categorical information.The results showed:(1)Impression control of individual information and categorical information depends on self-control resources.(2)The interaction is significant between depletion of self-control resources and types of information valence.When individuals consume more self-control resources and implement the impression process of individual information and categorical information whose valences conflict,the activation of negative stereotypes,due to limitation of these two kinds of valence conflict information,can only rely on real-time updated facial expression information,as a result of which the bottom-up reactive control takes place.When individuals consume less self-control resources,auto-activation of negative stereotype always happens,to the same individual information and categorical information,regardless of the compatibility or conflict of their valences,leading to top-down proactive control.