性别身份的内涵及测量

Gender Identity:It’s Connotation and Measurement

性别身份是个体对于自身性别文化含义的理解,是个体自我概念的重要组成部分。在经典个性途径的研究传统下,性别身份模型从传统的单维度结构发展成将男性化和女性化分别作为两个独立维度的双维度结构,并产生了一种新的性别身份类型——“双性化”。随着性别身份研究的不断深入,性别身份的测量方法也从基于主观报告的经典量表测量,逐渐发展出了主客观结合导向、客观导向以及情境导向等新型测量思路。

Gender identity is an individual’s understanding of the cultural meaning of one’s gender,which is an important part of individual’s self-concept.Under the classic personality approach,the gender identity model has evolved from a traditional single-dimensional structure to a two-dimensional structure with masculinity and femininity as two independent dimensions,and a new type of gender identity called“androgyny”has emerged.With in-depth studies of gender identity,the measuring methods of gender identity have gradually developed from the classical scale measuring method based on subjective reports to some new measuring approaches such as the subjective and objective combined orientated measurement,the objectivity-oriented measurement,and the situation-orientated measurement.