中美主要农作物全要素生产率的比较分析

Comparative Analysis of the Total Factor Productivity of Major Crops in China and the United States

随着我国劳动力成本和土地成本的不断上升,主要作物产业的比较优势逐渐减弱,须转变经济发展方式,实现要素驱动向生产率驱动转变,而美国是我国小麦、玉米和棉花的主要进口国。在此背景下,基于中国和美国的主要作物产业数据,比较分析中美两国主要作物的全要素生产率,为我国促进农业转型和提高主要作物竞争力提供参考依据。研究发现:①美国农业全要素生产率大于中国的农业全要素生产率,且美国的农业生产率没有出现较大波动;②美国的玉米、小麦和棉花作物的全要素生产率普遍高于中国。随着经济全球化深入发展,国内和国际市场深度融合,资源要素和产品加速流动,我国主要作物竞争优势不足,进口压力加大,美国主要作物的竞争力大于我国。

As China's labor costs and land costs continue to rise,the comparative advantages of major crop industries have gradually weakened.It is necessary to change the mode of economic development to achieve a factor-driven to productivity-driven transition,and the United States is China's main importer of wheat,corn and cotton.Under this background,based on the major crop industry data of China and the United States,a comparative analysis of the total factor pro⁃ductivity of major crops in China and the United States was conducted,to provide a reference for China to promote agricultural transformation and improve the competitiveness of major crops.The study has found that:①The total factor productivity of agriculture in the United States is greater than that in China,and there is no major fluctuation in agricultural productivity in the United States.②The total factor productivity of major crops(corn,wheat,cotton)in the United States is generally higher than that in China.With the in-depth development of economic global⁃ization,the deep integration of domestic and international markets,the accelerated flow of re⁃source elements and products,the lack of competitive advantages of China's main crops,and the increased pressure on imports,the competitiveness of main crops in the United States is greater than that of China.