菌糠与化肥配施对马铃薯根际土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响

Effects of Combined Application of SMS and Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme Activities and Soil Nutrients in Potato Rhizosphere

菌糠作为有机物料对土壤的可持续利用和作物生长具有积极的影响,为研究菌糠直接还田对土壤和作物的影响,本研究以黑木耳菌糠为试验材料,设置化肥纯氮120 kg·hm^-2(T1)、菌糠替代氮肥用量20%(T2)、40%(T3)和60%(T4)处理,研究菌糠替代氮肥对马铃薯苗期、块茎膨大期和成熟期根际土壤酶活性、土壤养分含量以及马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明:菌糠部分替代氮肥可提高马铃薯生育期根际土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,其中T2、T3和T4处理在马铃薯成熟期与T1处理相比,各处理增加土壤过氧化氢酶14.22%、22.55%和24.02%;脲酶在各测定时期随菌糠量增加而表现升高趋势;蔗糖酶在马铃薯苗期和块茎膨大期也表现随菌糠量增加而增加。马铃薯根际土壤速效氮磷钾含量在马铃薯苗期最高,之后表现为先下降再升高,菌糠部分替代氮肥可有效提高土壤速效氮磷钾含量;马铃薯成熟期土壤有机质含量T2、T3、T4分别比T1提高了6.01%、10.11%和12.11%;菌糠部分替代氮肥使马铃薯产量有所下降,与T1相比各处理分别降低6.52%(T2)、2.10%(T3)和1.36%(T4),结合马铃薯产量结果,本研究认为菌糠替代氮肥60%在减少化肥用量、保证马铃薯产量及培肥土壤上效果最佳。

Spent mushroom substrate(SMS)as organic material has a positive effect on the sustainable use of soil and crop growth.In order to study the effect of direct return of SMS on soil and crops,the SMS of Auricularia auricula was used as the experimental material in this study.The pure nitrogen of fertilizer was 120 kg·hm^-2(T1),and the amount of SMS replacing nitrogen fertilizer was 20%(T2)and 40%(T3)and 60%(T4)treatments were used to study the effects of SMS on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity,soil nutrient content and potato yield at seedling,tuber expansion and maturity stages.The results showed that the activities of catalase,urease and sucrase in rhizosphere soil were increased by 14.22%,22.55%and 24.02%respectively in T2,T3 and T4 treatments compared with T1 treatment at potato maturity stage,urease increased with the increase of bacterial orders in each determination period,invertase activity increased in potato seedlings,it also increased with the increase of the amount of bacteria.The content of available N,P and K in rhizosphere soil of potato was the highest at seedling stage,then decreased first and then increased.The content of soil organic matter in T2,T3 and T4 increased by 6.01%,10.11%and 12.11%respectively compared with T1 at maturity stage,the yield of potato decreased with the partial replacement of nitrogen fertilizer by microbial order,compared with T1,according to the results of potato yield,60%of nitrogen fertilizer was replaced by SMS,which could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer,ensure the yield of potato and fertilize the soil.