垄沟覆膜对烤烟生长发育及产量品质性状的影响

Effects of Furrow Film Mulching on Growth and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

【目的】为提高烤烟大田生长期抗旱能力,解决移栽至团棵期干旱对云南烟草产量和品质的影响。【方法】以优质烤烟MSK326品种在垄沟覆膜、M型宽垄双行覆膜、膜下小苗移栽及普通覆膜4种覆膜种植模式,对烤烟农艺性状、光合特性、产量效益、物理性状、化学成分及感官质量共54个性状进行系统考查检测评吸研究。【结果】4种覆膜种植模式的MSK326烟株的6个农艺性状(株高、茎围、节距、有效叶片数、最大叶宽、最大叶面积)均表现均为打顶期>旺长期>团棵期,旺长期7个农艺性状(株高、茎围、节距、有效叶片数、最大叶长、最大叶宽、最大叶面积)及3个光合性状(气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、净光合速率)4种覆膜种植模式间差异均达极显著差异;4种覆膜种植模式间产量、上等烟、中上等烟比例、均价、产值均达极显著差异。其中垄沟覆膜的产量、产值最高,分别比普通覆膜增长5.53%、8.58%。垄沟覆膜种植的烟株不仅7个农艺性状(株高、茎围、节距、有效叶片数、最大叶长、最大叶宽、最大叶面积)、4个光合性状(气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率)、6个产量效益性状(产量,上等烟比例、中等烟比例、中上等烟比例、均价、产值)、5个物理性状(开片率、叶片厚、单叶质量、平衡含水率、物理特性指数)在4种覆膜种植模式中最高,而且中部烟叶的5个化学成分(总糖、还原糖、钾、糖碱比、钾氯比)、6个感官品质(香气质、香气量、杂气、透发性、柔细度、甜度)及评吸总分均最高。【结论】垄沟覆膜的烤烟农艺性状、产量性状及经济效益均最高,中部烟叶化学成分及内在品质更加协调。研究结果为垄沟覆膜种植新模式对解决烟草移栽期干旱、提升烟草产量和品质及其经济效益提供参考。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to improve the drought resistance of flue-cured tobacco in field growth period and solve the effect of drought from transplanting to rosette stage on tobacco yield and quality in Yunnan Province.【Method】The study was carried out by systematic examination and evaluation of 54 traits for four plastic film mulching patterns(furrow film mulching,M wide ridge double row film mulching,submembrane seedling transplanting,ordinary film mulching),including agronomic characters,photosynthetic properties,yield,benefit,physical properties,chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco MSK326.【Result】The 6 agronomic characters(plant height,stem girth,internode distance,effective leaf number,maximum leaf width,maximum leaf area)of MSK326 tobacco plants with four plastic film mulching patterns were topping stage>prosperous period>rosette stage,among which 7 agronomic characters(plant height,stem girth,internode distance,effective leaf number,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width,maximum leaf area)of prosperous period and 3 photosynthetic characters(stomatal conductance,intracellular CO2 concentration,net photosynthetic rate)were significantly different,and the yield,the ratio of superior tobacco,middle and upper tobacco,average price and output value were significantly different among the four plastic film mulching patterns.The yield and output value of ridge and furrow mulching of flue-cured tobacco were the highest,which were 5.53%and 8.58%higher than those of common film mulching of flue-cured tobacco,respectively.Ridge and furrow film mulching patterns were the highest not only in the 7 agronomic characters(plant height,stem girth,internode distance,effective leaf number,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width,maximum leaf area),4 photosynthetic characters(stomatal conductance,intracellular CO2 concentration,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate),6 yield/benefit traits(yield,first-class tobacco,medium class tobacco,middle/upper class tobacco,average price,value of output)and 5 physical characters(opening rate,leaf thickness,single leaf mass,equilibrium moisture content,physical property index)of tobacco plants,but also the highest in 5 chemical components(total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium,rate of sugar to nicotine,rate of potassium to chlorine),6 sensory qualities(fragrant temperament,fragrant gas volume,miscellaneous gas,permeable,flexibility,sweetness)and total score of smoking of the middle tobacco leaves.【Conclusion】The agronomic characters,yield characters and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco covered with furrow film mulching were the highest,and the chemical composition and internal quality of middle tobacco leaves were more coordinated.These results revealed that the new planting model of flue-cured tobacco ridge and furrow mulching could provide reference for solving the drought of tobacco transplanting period and improving the yield,quality and economic benefit of tobacco.