黄花蒿种子形态与幼苗生长的地源差异及相关性

Difference and Correlation in Seed Morphology and Seedling Growth of Artemisia annua from Different Ground Source

【目的】为黄花蒿种子筛选与形态研究、黄花蒿品种选育、品质鉴定以及种质资源评价提供参考。【方法】通过显微镜观察及萌发试验,对11个地源类型的黄花蒿种子长(Ls)、宽(Ws)、长宽比(Ls/Ws)、千粒重、萌发率及其幼苗生长状况进行分析。【结果】显微镜下不同地源黄花蒿种子形态均呈表面黄绿色梨形或倒卵形瘦果,不同地源黄花蒿种子的长宽比差异显著(P=0.027*);Ls、Ws、千粒重差异极显著(P=0.000**),变异程度Ws>Ls>千粒重>Ls/Ws。不同地源黄花蒿种子萌发率、根长、茎长、干重、子叶鲜重、真叶数、真叶长、真叶宽均有不同程度的变异。年降水量为影响黄花蒿种子表型差异的主要相关因子,其次是经度、纬度、海拔。综合种子形态及幼苗生长状况将11个地源种子初步划分为3个组群。【结论】黄花蒿种子大小形态受环境因子影响存在明显的地理变异。

【Objective】The objective of this paper is to provide a reference for seed screening and morphological research,selective breeding,quality identification and germplasm resource evaluation of Artemisia annua.【Method】The seed lengths(Ls),widths(Ws),lengths-widths ratio(Ls/Ws),1000-grain weight,germination rate and seedling growth status of Artemisia annua from 11 ground sources are analyzed by microscopic examination and germination experiment.【Result】The seed morphology of Artemisia annua from different ground source shows green-yellow pear-shaped or obovate achene under microscope.There is a significant difference in length-width ratio of Artemisia annua from different ground source(P=0.027*),and there is a very significant difference in Ls,Ws and 1000-grain weight.The variation degree is Ws>Ls>1000-grain weight>Ls/Ws.The seed germination rate,root length,stem length,dry weight,fresh cotyledon weight,true leaf number,and true leaf length and width of Artemisia annua from different ground source vary with different degrees.Annual precipitation is the main relative factor influencing phenotypic difference of Artemisia annua seed,followed by longitude,latitude and altitude.Artemisia annua seeds from 11 different ground sources are preliminary divided into three groups according to seed morphology and seedling growth status comprehensively.【Conclusion】There is a significant geographic variation in size morphology of Artemisia annua seed under the influence of environment factor.