6种金花茶组植物花朵的氨基酸成分分析及其营养价值评价

Analysis of Amino Acids Composition and Evaluation of Nutritional Value in Flowers of 6 Species of Camellia sect.Chrysantha Chang

【目的】分析、评价6种金花茶组植物花朵的氨基酸成分,为金花茶组植物的开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】以6种金花茶组植物盛开期花朵为材料,测定其17种氨基酸含量,参考WHO/FAO标准模式谱及氨基酸比值系数法进行营养价值分析,并进行氨基酸主成分分析与评价。【结果】6种金花茶组植物花朵均含有常见的17种氨基酸(包括7种人体必需氨基酸),氨基酸总量为3.73~5.93 g/100g。其中,谷氨酸和异亮氨酸含量相对较高,而亮氨酸和缬氨酸含量较低;种间的精氨酸和缬氨酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05,下同),其余15种氨基酸含量在种间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);夏石金花茶花朵中除蛋氨酸和亮氨酸外,其他氨基酸含量及总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、药用氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量均处于最高或较高水平。主成分分析结果表明,不能以某一个或几个氨基酸指标评价金花茶组植物花朵中氨基酸成分,应由所有氨基酸指标进行综合评价;6种金花茶组植物花朵中氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)排序为红顶金花茶>罗斯曼金花茶>龙州金花茶>显脉金花茶>夏石金花茶>崇左金花茶。【结论】6种金花茶组植物花朵的氨基酸种类齐全且含量较高,种间差异明显,其中红顶金花茶花朵的氨基酸营养价值最高。

【Objective】In order to provide reference for the development and utilization of Camellia sect.Chrysantha Chang,amino acids in flowers of 6 species of Camellia sect.Chrysantha Chang were analyzed and evaluated.【Method】The contents of 17 kinds of amino acids in blooming flowers of 6 species of Camellia sect.Chrysantha Chang were determined and evaluated comprehensively by referring WHO/FAO standard mode spectrum and the method of ratio coefficient,and principal component analysis of amino acid was conducted.【Result】All the 6 species of Camellia sect.Chrysantha Chang flowers samples contained 17 kinds of amino acids(including 7 kinds essential amino acids for human).The total amount of amino acids was 3.73-5.93 g/100g.The contents of glutamic acid and isoleucine acid were relatively high,while those of leucine acid and valine acid were relatively low.There was no significant difference on the content of arginine acid and valine acid in the flowers among 6 species of Camellia sect.Chrysantha Chang(P>0.05,the same as below),but the contents of other 15 kinds of amino acids was highly significant different(P<0.01).Except methionine acid and leucine acid,the contents of other amino acids,total amino acids,essential amino acids,nonessential amino acids,medicinal amino acids and delicious amino acids were all at the highest or higher level in the flowers of C.xiashiensis.Principal component analysis showed that the evaluation of amino acids in the flowers of Camellia sect.Chrysantha Chang was not determined by one or several amino acid indexes,it was determined by the comprehensive evaluation of all amino acid indexes.From high to low,the amino acid ratio coefficient(SRC)values in the flowers of six species of Camellia sect.Chrysantha Chang were:C.insulari>C.rosmanni>C.longzhouensis>C.euphlebia>C.xiashiensis>C.perpetua.【Conclusion】The content of amino acids in the flowers of 6 species of Camellia sect.Chrysantha Chang were complete and rich but different among varieties,the nutritional value of amino acids in C.insularis flowers was the highest.