气候变化背景下四川省玉米生育期农业气候资源变化趋势

Characteristics of Agro-meteorological Climate Resource During Maize Growing Season Under Global Climate Change in Sichuan Province

【目的】为合理利用当地农业气候资源科学开展玉米种植。【方法】本文基于四川省盆地区、盆周山区及攀西农区1961-2017年124个站点逐日气象资料、1981-2017年15个农业气象观测站玉米生育期资料,分析了该玉米种植区全生育期及不同生育阶段光、温、水农业气候资源时空变化状况。【结果】玉米全生育期和各生育阶段热量资源大都呈升高趋势,播种-拔节期升高速率最快。全生育期和各生育期平均日较差攀西农区均明显高于盆地,攀西农区近50年平均日较差气候倾向率呈减少趋势;玉米全生育期和各生育阶段的总辐射量均呈减小趋势,光能资源较高的区域为盆地西南地区和攀西农区南部,其中播种-拔节期总辐射量最大;全生育期和各生育阶段的参考蒸散量总体呈现下降趋势,其中播种-拔节期参考蒸散量和缺水率最大,水资源较为缺乏的集中在攀西大部及盆中老旱区。【结论】各地应合理利用光、温、水资源,为相关部门制定农业生产措施提供科学依据,确保玉米高产优质发展。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to reasonably use local agricultural climate resources and scientifically carry out maize planting.【Method】According to climate data(1961-2017) of 124 meteorological stations and long-term records(1981-2017) of maize phenology from 15 agricultural stations of Sichuan, the temporal and spatial distribution of light resources, temperature resources and precipitation during key maize phenological stages were analyzed in Sichuan Province.【Result】The total radiation during the whole growing period and different growth stages of maize both showed decreased trends. The higher radiation resources distributed to the southwestern of the basin and the southern of the Panxi agricultural area. The heat resources during maize growth period showed an increasing trend. Diurnal temperature range of Panxi agricultural area is obviously higher than the basin area.The reference evapotranspiration during each maize growth stages decreased. Water resources shortage occurred in most Panxi agricultural area and the old arid areas in the basin.【Conclusion】All regions should make rational use of light, temperature and water resources to provide scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate agricultural production measures and ensure the development of high yield and high quality of corn.