视空间工作记忆负载影响道路场景搜索的眼动研究

Effects of Visual-spatial Working Memory Loads on the Real Road Scene Search Performance:An Eye-movement Study

目的探究视空间工作记忆负载对道路交通场景搜索绩效的影响。方法采用视空间工作记忆和道路交通场景搜索的双任务范式,结合眼动技术,记录40名新手驾驶员的视觉搜索绩效及眼动数据。结果客体工作记忆负载、空间工作记忆负载和无负载任务下的搜索正确率和反应时存在显著差异,空间工作记忆负载下的正确率最低,反应时最长。搜寻目标的首次注视时间、总注视时间和注视次数皆存在显著差异,空间工作记忆负载下的首次注视时间和总注视时间延长,并且注视次数增加。结论视空间工作记忆负载降低道路交通场景的搜索绩效,空间工作记忆负载对搜索绩效的影响比客体工作记忆负载更大;在目标搜索过程中,视空间工作记忆负载任务下的首次注视时间更长、注视点数目的增加和总注视时间延长,空间工作记忆负载对搜索过程的影响比客体工作记忆负载更大。因此,在实际驾驶中应重视视空间工作记忆负载的存在。

Objective This study aimed to explore how the visual-spatial working memory affected the road scene search performance.Methods Using the dual-task paradigm of visual-spatial working memory task and road traffic scene search task,the visual search performance and eye movement data of 40 novice drivers were recorded by eye movement technology.Results There were significant differences in the search accuracy rate and response time of the object working memory load,spatial working memory load and no-load task.The spatial search memory load had the lowest accuracy rate and the longest response time.There were extremely significant differences in the first fixation time,the total fixation time and the number of fixations of the search targets under the object working memory load,spatial working memory load and no-load task.The first fixation time and the total fixation time under the spatial working memory load were extended and the fixation count increased.Conclusion Compared to the non-load condition,adding visual-spatial working memory loads slowed the search reaction times and decreased search accuracy.The effect of spatial working memory load on road scene search performance was greater than that of object working memory.During the search process,adding visual-spatial working memory loads prolonged the time-to-first-fixation and IA-dwell-time,and increased the IA-fixation-counts during scanning epoch.The effect of spatial working memory load on road scene search performance was greater than that of object working memory.These findings suggested that we should pay attention to the existence of visual-spatial working memory load in actual driving performance.