试论近代华北矿工的生存困境——以1920年唐山矿难为中心

On the Difficult Position of Modern North China Miners:With the Tangshan Mine Disaster in 1920 as the Center

1920年的唐山矿难是近代华北最为严重的煤矿瓦斯爆炸事件,不仅造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失,还引发社会舆论的强烈反响。作为一个有影响力的公共安全事件,矿难的发生与解决不仅是单纯的技术问题,还与矿局的管理制度、政府对待劳工的态度以及舆论的监督密切相关,运用档案史料对于这一事件展开专题研究,既能以小见大,揭示近代华北矿工的生存困境,又可以为近代工人运动研究提供新视角。

The Tangshan mine disaster in 1920 was the most serious coal mine gas explosion in modern China.It not only caused heavy casualties and property losses,but also triggered a strong response from the public.As an influential public safety incident,the occurrence and resolution of the accident was not purely technical problems;it was closely related to the management system of the mining bureau,the government′s attitude towards mining labor and the supervision of public opinion.The research can reveal the difficult position of modern north China miners,and provide a new perpective for the study of modern workers′movement.