论20世纪初大剧种对地方小剧种的归化——以江苏地方戏为例

On the Domestication of Local Operas by the Big Operas in the Early 20th Century:A Case Study of Jiangsu Local Operas

20世纪初,各种地方小剧种蓬勃兴起,并逐渐从乡村走向城市的舞台。在这些地方小剧种从兴起到成熟的过程中,京昆等大剧种起到了重要的催化作用。正是因为受到了来自大剧种的给养,地方小剧种才得以加速成长,从简单的歌舞说唱迅速演进成能表演复杂叙事的戏剧形态。地方小剧种在这一过程中蜕变成成熟剧种,而大剧种也在这一过程中完成了对地方小剧种的归化。文章以江苏地方小剧种在20世纪初的发展为切入点,从京徽昆等大剧种对扬剧、苏剧、淮剧、锡剧等江苏地方小剧种的影响出发,来深入研究20世纪初大剧种对地方小剧种实现归化的历程。

At the beginning of the 20th century,various local operas flourished and gradually moved from the countryside to the urban stage.In the process from the rise to maturity of these local small operas,Peking Opera,Kun Opera and other large operas played an important catalytic role.It was precisely because of the supplies from the big operas that the local small operas could accelerate their growth,and rapidly evolved from simple singing and dancing to opera forms which can perform complex narratives.In this process,the local small operas changed into mature operas,while the big operas also completed the domestication of the local small operas.This paper takes the development of Jiangsu small local operas in the early 20th century as the starting point,and studies the domestication process of Jiangsu small local operas in the early 20th century from the perspective of influences of Peking Opera,Hui Opera and Kun Opera on Yang opera,Su opera,Huai opera and Xi opera.