社会资本对女性主观幸福感的补偿机制分析——基于CGSS数据的实证研究

The Compensation Mechanism of Social Capital to Women’s Subjective Well-being:An Empirical Study Based on CGSS Data

正如“收入—幸福”悖论的存在,性别与幸福之间同样也存在悖论。受传统社会分工思想的影响,女性在分担较多家庭事务的同时也常面临一些隐性的工作歧视,如晋升过程中的“天花板”现象,致使女性承受了较多的心理压力,健康状态和收入水平也不及男性。然而,大多数研究却发现女性的主观幸福感高于男性。为探寻女性主观幸福感反超男性的补偿来源,从社会资本的性别差异出发,以CGSS2012年与2015年数据为基础,将社会资本按场所划分为家庭型和工作型,研究其对女性幸福感的补偿机制。结果发现,家庭型社会资本通过减轻女性心理负担,降低女性抑郁程度,间接提高了女性的主观幸福感;而工作型社会资本则通过提供良好的工作环境,弥补了女性因收入降低所造成的幸福损失。文章从女性视角出发将社会资本按场所进行分类,探究了不同场合的社会资本在提升女性主观幸福感过程中的补偿作用,不仅拓展了社会资本的新功能,同时也为促进社会和谐稳定、提升居民主观幸福感开辟了新的研究视角。

Just as the paradox of“income-happiness”exists,there is also a paradox between gender and happiness.Influenced by the traditional thought of social division of labor,women often face some hidden work discrimination while sharing more family affairs,such as the“ceiling”phenomenon in the promotion process,which causes women to bear more psychological pressure,and their health status and income level are lower than that of men.However,most studies have found that women’s subjective well-being is higher than men’s.In order to explore the source of compen⁃sation for women’s subjective well-being over men,this article starts from the gender difference of social capital and uses CGSS 2012 and 2015 data as the basis to divide social capital into family and work types according to place,and studies its compensation mechanism for women’s well-being.The results showed that family-based social capital indi⁃rectly improved women’s subjective well-being by reducing women’s psychological burden and depression;while work-oriented social capital,by providing a good working environment,makes up for the loss of happiness of women due to lower incomes.This article classifies social capital by place from the perspective of women,and explores the compensation function of social capital in different occasions in enhancing women’s subjective well-being.It not only expands the new function of social capital,but also opens up a new research perspective for promoting social harmony and stability and improving residents’subjective well-being.