语言能力对劳动者收入的影响效应研究——基于外语、普通话和方言的实证分析

The Influence of Language Ability on Laborer’s Income:An Empirical Analysis of Foreign Languages,Mandarin and Dialects

基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据,实证分析了语言能力对劳动者收入的影响,同时采用PSM分析方法进行了稳健性检验,并对国内外语言溢价的经典文献进行了梳理。研究表明:(1)无论是外语能力、普通话能力还是方言能力,他们均对收入有积极的正向影响,而且外语能力的影响效应要显著高于普通话和方言;(2)在PSM分析方法下,外语能力的溢价大约为2.74万元,而普通话和方言的溢价均在1.5万元左右;(3)语言能力溢价存在明显的性别差异,男性劳动者的语言能力溢价要高于女性劳动者;(4)中国劳动力市场上的语言溢价现象并不属于“中国特色”,在其他国家也都存在劳动者语言能力对收入的促进作用。

Based on the data from dynamic survey of Chinese Labor Force(CLDS)2016,this paper establishes an econometric model to empirical analysis the impact of language ability(foreign language,mandarin and dialect)on earnings of workers.At the same time,it uses the PSM method to test the robustness of language premium.Then on this basis,sort out the classical literature of language premium at home and abroad.Results showed that:First,wheth⁃er it is foreign language ability,Mandarin ability or dialect ability,they all have a positive impact on income,and the effect of foreign language ability is significantly higher than that of Mandarin and dialect.Second,under the PSM anal⁃ysis method,the foreign language ability premium is about 27.4 thousand yuan,while the mandarin and dialect of the premium are about 15 thousand yuan.Third,there are significant gender differences in language proficiency premi⁃ums,the male workers'language ability premium is higher than that of female laborers.Moreover,the phenomenon of language premium in Chinese labor market does not belong to“Chinese characteristics”,the language proficiency of laborers also contributes to income in other countries.