代际居住距离对独居老人孤独感的影响研究——基于2661名城市独居老人的经验分析

A Study on the Influence of Intergenerational Living Distance on Loneliness in Elderly People Living Alone:An Empirical Analysis of 2661 Elderly People Living Alone in Urban

伴随着家庭结构的小型化,城市老年人口独居成为主要老年生活形式。基于上海、广州、成都、大连、呼和浩特五地2661名城市独居老人数据进行分析,采用Ologit、OLS模型、工具变量和中介效应等估计方法,考察代际居住距离对城市独居老人孤独感的影响,验证“养儿防老”“父母在不远游”等传统观念是否成立。结果发现:对于城市独居老人而言,子女居住距离对其孤独感有重要影响,女性老人比男性更为敏感,且与儿子的近距离居住更能缓解孤独感。中介效应模型检验发现,代际居住距离通过亲子沟通发挥作用,其中,儿子的中介效应更强。最后,从应对现代家庭精神赡养提出相应的对策建议。

With the miniaturization of family structure,the elderly living alone has become the main form of elderly life in urban areas.Based on the data of 2661 urban elderly living alone in Shanghai,Guangzhou,Chengdu,Dalian and Hohhot,this paper used Ologit model,OLS,instrumental variables model and intermediary effect estimation meth⁃ods to investigate the influence of intergenerational living distance on the loneliness of urban elderly living alone and test the validity of traditional concepts such as“raising children to ensure old age”and“if the parents are still alive,the children will not go far away”.The results show that for the elderly living alone in the city,the living distance of their children have a significant impact on their loneliness.Women are more sensitive than men,and living close to their sons could alleviate loneliness.The mediating effect model test finds that the distance between generations plays a role through parent-child communication,and the mediating effect of sons is stronger.Finally,the article puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the aspect of modern family spirit support.