执行文制度在我国的理论反思及本土化路径——以对执行启动程序的规范为中心

The Theoretical Reflection and Localization Path of Execution Writ System——Focus on the Specification of Start-up Procedures of Execution

我国的强制执行启动程序没有统一立法规定,规则繁复、标准不一是主要特征。时值《强制执行法》立法的重要准备阶段,规划与整合执行启动程序既关系到执行当事人的合法权益之保障,在法律体系上还会影响立法的科学性,在法理基础上还能反映出我国的执行权配置模式是否合理。相关国家和地区均规定的执行文制度可以为统一我国执行启动程序、激活执行启动程序功能、解决执行启动程序问题提供重要借鉴,在我国适用执行文制度也有充足的制度与实践基础做保障。执行文制度之构建应当遵循本土化路径,尤其在审查主体、审查要件及救济程序等方面要与既有执行法律体系相匹配。

The start-up procedure of compulsory execution in China lacks uniform legislative provisions and is characterized by its complicated rules and different standards.At the important preparatory stage for the legislation of the Enforcement Law,standardizing the start-up procedure of the enforcement is not only vital to the protection of the parties'legal rights,but also affects the scientificity of the legislation in terms of its legal system and reflects the rationality of the allocation mode of the execution power in China in terms of its legal basis.The execution writ stipulated by other countries and regions can provide us an important reference for unifying the execution start-up procedure,activating the start-up procedure,and solving related problems.Moreover,there are sufficient theoretical and practical basis to guarantee the application of the execution writ in China.The construction of the execution writ should follow the localization path,in particular,aspects such as the subject of review,the elements of review and the relief procedure should match the existing enforcement legal system.