不同梨品种避雨栽培生长发育、产量与果实品质比较

Growth,Development,and Fruit Quality and Yield of Varieties of Pear under Rain-shelter Cultivation

【目的】增强南方湿热梨产区避雨栽培推广应用的针对性。【方法】以露地栽培为对照,采取定树跟踪调查方法,探讨了避雨栽培条件下,不同类型梨品种的生长发育及产量与果实品质变化趋势。【结果】与露地栽培相比,避雨栽培果实发育期与营养生长期延长、花序与花朵坐果率提高、枝叶生长弱化、果实外观改善及果实硬度降低、总糖含量增加、总酸含量减少趋势明显。易发生早期落叶的3个早熟品种的花芽比例、百花芽重、单株产量、单果质量显著或极显著增加;可溶性固形物含量除新玉无差异外,翠玉、翠冠显著提高。不易发生早期落叶的2个中熟品种花芽比例、百花芽重、单果质量显著或极显著降低或减少;单株产量晚翠无差异,黄花降低22.42%;可溶性固形物含量晚翠无差异,黄花显著降低。3个绿皮梨品种感锈程度减轻,其中翠玉感锈果率、感锈面比、花脸果率均极显著降低;翠冠、晚翠感锈果率无差异,感锈面比极显著降低,花脸果率则极显著增加。【结论】易发生早期落叶、果实抗锈的早熟品种适宜采用常年覆膜避雨栽培;易发生早期落叶、果实感锈早熟品种采用常年覆膜避雨栽培时,应配之果实套袋措施;不易发生早期落叶的中熟品种应以露地栽培为宜,若采用避雨栽培应选择生长发育中前期覆膜、采果后揭膜的阶段性避雨栽培模式。

【Objective】Application of rain-shelter for pear cultivation in southern hot and humid regions was evaluated according to the growth,development,and fruit quality and yield of the selected varieties.【Method】Indicators on shoots,leaves,flower buds,phenology,fruit quality,and fruit yields of different types of pear varieties were monitored with individual tree tracking to compare the effects of rain-shelter and open-field cultivations.【Result】Compared with open field cultivation,rain-sheltering prolonged the fruit development and vegetative periods,increased the fruit forming percentage of inflorescence and individual flower,weakened the growth of shoots and leaves,improved the fruit appeal,and lowered the firmness and acidity but increased the total sugar content of the fruits.Grown under rain-shelter,the 3 early maturing pear varieties that were susceptible to early defoliation significantly or extremely significantly increased on their flower-to-bud ratio,weight of 100 flower buds,yield per plant,and weight of single fruit;while Cuiyu and Cuiguan,among them,significantly increased in soluble solids.The two mid-season maturing varieties that were less prone to early defoliation decreased significantly or extremely significantly on their flower-to-bud ratio,weight of 100 flower buds,and single fruit weight;while Huanghua showed a 22.42%decrease on yield per plant and a significant reduction on soluble solids.For the 3 green pear varieties,rain-sheltering helped them to become less susceptible to fruit rust,as Cuiyu turned out to be extremely significantly reduced on the appearances of rust-infected fruits,rusty peels,and spotty fruits.【Conclusion】The early maturing,early defoliation-susceptible varieties of pear that are resistant to rust could be candidates for the perennial filmcovering rain-shelter cultivation.Whereas,fruit bagging would be necessary on the rust-sensitive,early maturing varieties to avoid early defoliation under rain-shelter cultivation.For the mid-season maturing varieties that are not prone to early defoliation,open field cultivation would be more appropriate.If rain-sheltering was applied to these mid-season maturing varieties,they should be covered with film only in the early and middle stage of growth and development,and the film should be removed following fruit harvesting.