论法律适用统一的判断标准

On the Criteria regarding the Unification of Application of Law

统一法律适用,应当首先明确法律适用是否统一的判断标准。裁判要素意义上的法律适用统一包括司法理念、证据认定、法律选择和法律的理解适用四个方面。司法理念可以分为多个层次,具有多种表现形式,对法律适用具有方向性意义。证据认定的统一包括举证责任、证据标准、证明标准、证明方法的统一。法律选择适用统一主要需克服裁判依据本身的体系化不足和裁判者对当事人行为性质的认定不统一两类问题,因规范竞合导致的法律选择适用差异具有正当性。法律理解适用的统一需着力解决解释依据、解释方法、解释程序和解释结果的统一。

To unify the application of laws,the criteria regarding the application of laws shall be clarified first.In the sense of judicial elements,the unification of application of laws includes four aspects:judicial concept,evidence identification,choice of laws,and understanding and application of laws.The judicial concept can be divided into multiple levels,with multiple forms of expression,and of directional significance for the application of laws.The unification of evidence identification includes the unification of burden of proof,standard of evidence,standard of proof,and method of proof.The unification of choice of laws mainly needs to overcome the two types of problems:the inconsistency in terms of systems of judgment basis,and the inconsistency in judges’identification of the nature of the acts of the parties concerned.The inconsistency in the choice of laws caused by overlapping under the regulation is legitimate.The unification of understanding and application of laws requires efforts to resolve the unification of interpretation basis,interpretation method,interpretation procedure,and interpretation result.