中美跨境破产合作实例分析:纽约南区破产法院承认与协助“洛娃 重整案”

Judicial Path of Extraterritorial Application of Chinese Law:from the Perspective of A Hong Kong-Analysis of Cross-border Insolvency Cooperation Between China and the United State:Taking the Reward Reorganization Proceeding Recognised and Assisted by US

美国《破产法》第15章的重要目标在于促进法院在跨境破产案件上的国际合作,维护破产程序最核心的集体性特征。继2014年"尖山光电案"之后,2019年"洛娃案"是美国破产法院再次承认我国法院开始的重整程序并提供协助的重要例证。美国破产法院法官在"洛娃案"中作出的临时和正式救济措施,体现其对跨境破产案件承认和协助申请的迅速反应和对债权人、债务人及重整相关方利益的充分保护。第15章程序中临时救济的给予适用"不可弥补的损害"等禁令获得要件,但外国代表人无须另行提起对抗性程序。外国代表人应秉承善意披露债务人在美财产状况,并在中美程序公平对待所有债权人。在积极吸收《UNCITRAL示范法》规定并借鉴美国等司法辖区有关跨境破产案件审理经验的基础上,我国需要加快完善相关立法及司法机制,实现跨境破产案件的双向国际合作。

The key objective of Chapter 15 of the United States Bankruptcy Code is to encourage the U.S.bankruptcy courts to conduct international cooperation so as to safeguard the most significant collectivity nature of bankruptcy proceedings.Subsequent to the recognition of Zhejiang Topoint Photovoltaic Co.reorganization proceeding opened by Zhejiang Haining People’s Court in the U.S.by New Jersey Bankruptcy Court in 2014,the reorganization proceeding of Reward Science and Technology Co.opened by Beijing Chaoyang Court was recently recognized as the‘foreign main proceeding’by New York Southern Bankruptcy Court.This is the second case in which a Chinese insolvency proceeding was recognized in the U.S.The provisional relief and the recognition relief granted in the Reward case exhibits the prompt response and adequate protection of the creditors,debtors,and interested parties by the U.S.Bankruptcy Court through Chapter 15 proceeding.The grant of provisional relief is subject to the‘irreparable harm’as well as other conditions for obtaining an injunction while there is no need for foreign representative to open an adversary proceeding.The foreign representative should fully disclose the relevant information on the debtor’s assets in the U.S.and treat the creditors equally both in China and the U.S.proceedings.It is advised that China,as the second largest economy,should learn more both from the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency and the advanced experiences in other jurisdictions including the U.S.in order to strengthen the legislation and practice on cross-border insolvency.At the same time,Chinese courts should actively engage themselves in the international cooperation on cross-border insolvency cases and promote China’s judicial practice in the insolvency area to the outside world.