江西省耕地土壤pH值和养分状况调查

Investigation of the pH value and nutrient status of cultivated soil in Jiangxi Province

按中国第二次土壤普查推荐的土壤养分和pH值的分级标准,对2014年江西省5个不同区域(赣南、赣北、赣中、赣西、赣东北)的94个县(市)具有代表性的4 188个耕地土壤的养分和pH值的测定数据进行比较分析,探明江西省耕地土壤养分及pH状况。结果表明:江西省耕地土壤pH值平均为5.3,偏酸性;赣南、赣北耕地土壤有机质质量分数均值分别为28.5、25.8 g/kg,属中等水平,而赣中、赣西和赣东北土壤有机质质量分数均值分别为31.9、33.9、31.1 g/kg,属较丰富水平;赣南土壤碱解氮质量分数均值为144.4 mg/kg,属较丰富水平,其他4个区域的均值均高于150 mg/kg,属丰富水平;赣南、赣中土壤有效磷质量分数均值分别为21.8、21.6 mg/kg,属较丰富水平,其他3个区域的属中等水平;5个区域土壤速效钾质量分数均值均在50~100 mg/kg,属较缺乏水平。可见,江西省耕地土壤酸化严重,养分极不平衡。

Based on the classification standards of soil nutrients and pH values recommended by the second national soil survey,the collected data of nutrient and pH value of 4188 cultivated land soils from 94 counties(cities)in 5 different regions(southern,northern,central,western and northeast Jiangxi)in Jiangxi Province in 2014 were compared and analyzed to explore their soil nutrient and pH status.The results showed that the average pH value of cultivated soil was 5.3,which was slightly acidic.The average soil organic matter mass fractions of cultivated land in southern and northern Jiangxi were 28.5 and 25.8 g/kg respectively,belonging to the medium level,while the average soil organic matter mass fractions of central,western and northeast Jiangxi were 31.9,33.9 and 31.1 g/kg,respectively,belonging to the relatively rich level.The average mass fraction of soil available nitrogen in southern Jiangxi was 144.4 mg/kg,which was a relatively rich level,while the average of the other four regions were all higher than 150 mg/kg,which was a rich level.The average mass fractions of available phosphorus in southern Jiangxi and central Jiangxi were 21.8 and 21.6 mg/kg respectively,which were relatively abundant,while those in the other 3 regions were medium.The average mass fraction of available potassium in the five regions were between 50 and 100 mg/kg,which was a relatively deficient level.It can be seen that the cultivated soil in Jiangxi Province is seriously acidified and nutrient is extremely unbalanced.