当朱子遇到传教士——从利玛窦的改编看朱子的“理有偏全”说

The Encounter Between Zhuxi and Missionaries in China:On Zhu Xi’s Doctrine of Principles from Matteo Ricci’s Adaption

明末来华传教士利玛窦基于自身对“理”与“人性”的认识,在评述《孟子》“生之谓性”章的哲学意涵时,将朱子的“理有偏全”说改编成了“性之偏正”说。虽然朱子在不同时期对于人物性同异问题的看法有所变化,但自始至终,人与物禀理有偏全之不同,这一点从来就没有改变过。朱子的“理有偏全”说始终在多少而不是结构的意义上理解人、物之理的不同,这与他不肯放弃“万物一原(源)”的承诺有关。

Based on his own understanding of“Principle(li)”and“human nature”,Matteo Ricci,a missionary to China in the late Ming Dynasty,adapted Zhu Xi's doctrine of“principle is partial or complete”to“human nature is good or evil”when commenting on the philosophical meaning of the chapter“life is what is meant by‘nature’”in Mencius.Although Zhu Xi's views on the difference between human and material have changed in different periods,the opinion,that partial differences existed between human and material nature,has never changed.According to Zhu Xi's doctrine of“principle is partial or complete”,the difference between human and material is always seen in the sense of number rather than structure,which is related to his refusal to give up the promise of“all things are from one source”.