宅基地“三权分置”改革的政策与实践

The Policy and Practice of the Reform of“Three Rights Division”in Homestead

2018年中央一号文件首次提出探索宅基地“三权分置”以深化宅基地制度改革,但如何推进“三权分置”已成为当前宅基地制度改革的重要任务。通过对宅基地“三权分置”改革政策进行梳理,对已有的实践样态进行比较,主要包括试点地区的“义乌模式”和非试点地区的“象山模式”和“旌德模式”,发现这三种模式实施目标及特征存在差异。鉴于此,文章提出创新行使宅基地集体所有权的农民集体组织形式,探索和建立宅基地农户资格权认定获得与禁止对外交易机制,以及构建放活宅基地使用权的实现机制等建议。

In order to promote the rural homestead system reform,the central government proposed to explore the reform of“three rights division”in homestead for the first time in 2018.However,how to implement the policy reform of the“three rights division”in homestead has become an important task of the current homestead system reform.This paper summarizes the policies of“three rights division”in homestead reform,and compares the existing practice patterns,including“Yiwu Model”,“Xiangshan Model”in Zhejiang Province and“Jingde Model”in Anhui Province.It is found that the implementation objectives and characteristics of the three models are different.In view of this,the paper proposes to promote the reform of“three rights division”in homestead in the future,including innovating the collective organization form of the farmers who exercise the collective ownership of the homestead,establishing the mechanism of homestead farmers’obtaining and withdrawing the qualification,and constructing the flexible rights of the homestead,so as to ensure the implementation of the reform of“three rights division”in homestead.