农民工住房需求的转型问题研究——兼论农民工住房问题研究的新转向

The Transition of Housing Pattern of Migrant Workers:A Turn of Migrant Workers'Housing Problem Research

住房问题是农民工问题的核心问题之一。21世纪以来,农民工群体的住房条件相比之前有所改善,然而其住房满意度却在下降。在澄清农民工和农民工住房问题概念后,基于马斯洛需求层次理论,将农民工的住房需求划分为5个层次,从住房需求提升和住房空间属性转变分析了家庭化流动之下的农民工的住房需求的转型。基于现有相关文献和2017年流动人口动态监测调查数据,总结出流动群体迭代、流动模式变迁、社会网络异质化、社会风气变化等带来的住房需求和住房期望的提升是农民工群体住房需求转变的重要原因。基于主观需求取向的农民工住房问题研究转向势在必行,相关社会政策也应该基于家庭化流动的特点,以家庭为单位,保障农民工家庭的基本权益。

Housing problem is one of the core problems that migrant workers face.Since the beginning of 21st century,housing condition of migrant workers has been relatively improved,while satisfaction with housing has been descending.After clarifying the concepts of migrant workers and their housing problems,this paper divides housing needs of migrant workers into 5 levels based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.The transition of housing patterns of migrant workers is analyzed from the perspective of promotion of housing needs as well as the change of housing attributes.Based on the analysis of previous literature and the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2017,main causes of the transition of housing patterns of migrant workers are summarized,including the regeneration of migrant workers,the change of the migration pattern,the heterogeneity of social network,and the change of the social atmosphere.It is necessary to study the housing problem of migrant workers from their needs.Related social policy should protect rights of migrant workers which should be family-oriented in line with characteristics of migrant families.