乡村振兴背景下农村公共卫生治理的实践困境探析——基于新冠疫情防治研究

On the Practical Dilemma of Rural Public Health Governance under the Background of Rural Revitalization:A Case Study of Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19

新冠肺炎疫情防治是对农村公共卫生治理体系的整体性检验。在疫情防治工作中,得益于"城乡一体"的联动防控机制,有效地控制了病毒在乡村社会的传播蔓延。然而,单轨式治理所产生的制度惯性并无法长久地保障乡村社会免受重大疫情的侵害,村庄自组织的缺失、落后的医疗卫生条件、薄弱的公共卫生安全意识和应急管理机制,严重制约了乡村有效抗击疫情的效力。乡村要实现振兴,就需要提升公共卫生的治理能力,补足医疗卫生短板,强化村庄自组织的建设。同时,需要国家行政力量在场,持续加大对乡村卫生医疗资源和人才的支持,普及公共卫生防疫知识,帮助乡村建立一套以村两委为主,村庄自组织主动策应的应急管理机制,以提升乡村应对危机的治理能力。

COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control is an integral test for rural public health governance system."Urban-Rural Integration"of joint prevention and control mechanism is driven by monorail governance inertia,effectively controlling the spread of the virus in rural society.However,it cannot protect rural society from major epidemic for a long time.And the lack of village self-organization,backward medical and health conditions,weak public health safety awareness and emergency management mechanism seriously restrict the effectiveness of outbreak fighting in rural areas.In order to realize the revitalization of rural areas,it is necessary to improve the governance capacity of public health,make up the shortage of medical and health care,and strengthen the construction of village self-organization.At the same time,national administrative power are needed to be offered,continuing to increase support for rural health and medical resources and talents,popularize knowledge of public health and epidemic prevention,helps villages establish a set of self-organizing emergency management mechanism with the village committees as the main body,so as to improve the ability to cope with the crisis。